Page 1 :
VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, Vascular anomalies…. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations., Hemangiomas… evident from birth and have a distinct natural history(Proliferation,, plateau and involution)., Disaapear during first decade of life., Port wine stain is not Hemangioma., Vascular malformations grow during childhood and may enlarge following hormonal, change, trauma and Sepsis., FAST flow lesion.., Arterial malformations, Arteriovenous malformations, Arteriovenous fistula, Slow flow lesion.., Venous malformations, Lymphatic malformations, Capillary malformations, INVESTIGATIONS, DUPLEX and MRI scanning., Duplex scanning demonstrate flow dynamics and morphology of lesion., MRI provide information on structure and relationship to other soft tissue., CAPILLARY MALFORMATIONS, Intra dermal vascular anomalies., Malformations appear as pink/red area of discolouration and can occur throughout body., Lesion can cause hypertrophy of surrounding tissue., Can be a part of syndrome Klippel trenaunay or surge Weber syndrome., Pulsed dye laser is established treatment., VENOUS MALFORMATIONS, Most prevalent vascular malformations., Tend to occur in head and neck., Slow flow and take considerable time to enlarge., Also called cavernous Hemangioma., Deep blue in colour and easily compressible., Calcification and local thrombosis can cause pain., Limb hypertrophy occur., Treatment is Conservative., Sclerotherapy is first line of treatment., Surgical excision for severe symptoms.

Page 2 :
ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, FAST flowing connections., Lesion are apparent at birth and enlarge in size as their blood flow increases., Lesion are usually warm and pink/blue in colour., Arteriography is required to establish Anatomy of their arterial supply., Small lesion can be excised., Larger lesion requires combination of embolization and surgical excision., When these lesion enlarge they become destructive and lead to cardiac failure., LYMPHATIC MALFORMATIONS, Include lymphangiomas and Cystic hygromas., The lesion are slow flow and usually occur in cervical region., The majority will apparent within first year of life., CYSTIC HYGROMAS, Collection of lymphatic sac that have failed to connect properly with the normal, channels., Lesion are found in posterior triangle at the base of neck., They can rapidly fill up in response to an infection or trauma and can become very large., MRI scanning is useful in defining Anatomy., Symptoms are due to infection and intralesional bleeding., Sclerotherapy and surgery are mode of treatment., , END OF VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS…