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PARAMETERS TO DESCRIBE A GAS, , (a) Pressure;, , , , “N, , >, , , , , , , , The force per unit area exerted on the wall of container due to constant bombardment of gas, molecules on the wall of container is called pressure., Units: 1 N/m? = 1 Pa, , 1 atm = 1.013 x 10°Pa, , 1 atm = 76cm = 760 mm of Hg = 760 torr, , 1 torr = 1mmHg, , 1 bar = 10° Pa, , 1 atm = 1.013 bar, , Constraints i P = constant, , latm, , , , , , , , , , , , Free to, | move, Tiatm, {b) Volume (V);, Volume of a gas is equal to volume of container., Units;, , Icc = lem? =1 mL, 1000 cc = 1000 cm? = 1000 mL = 1L = 1 dm?, 1000 L = 1000 dm?= 1 m?, Volume = Constant, , ASSIS, , , , , , TAI, , Piston hindered from moving

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q, , 94aq 94, , (c) Temperature, T(K) = t(C) + 273.15, , (4) ne. of moles (n) :, n=moles, Gas Laws, (1) Boyle’s law, (2) Charle’s law, (3) Gay-lussac’s law (Amonton’s law), (4) Avogadro's law, , (1)Boyle’s law, , , , “, , TA, ASS, , iaZzal, , , , > a aa P, =>, Vv vy, , , , , , , , e \v?, , , , PV=k ; T= Constant, , P,V,=P.V,= -----= =P.V,, - 9= MMB constant, , pa Tap, , paP, P, oS ; T= Constant, i Pa, Pr” P2 Pn, , “ For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the gas volume is inversely proportional to the gas pressure”.

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v, r or, 7” Constant, , , , Vv, 7 VaT ;P =Constant, [V =KT] T, y = Kx, r V=V,+V, 7 At *, Vo tJ, , , , , , , , Coefficient of superficial expansion, , rT V=V,(1 + Yt) ———> (solid), , = vV=V ( ea) ‘| [—— Coefficient of superficial expansion of a gas, , , , a Charile’s law states that, ‘volume of a gas increases by */,,, ,, part of that volume which, the gas had at O°C for every 1° rise in temperature is called Charle’s law “, OR, r, , “Volume of a gas is directly proportional to absolute temp keeping pressure constant”., , (3) Amonton’s law (Gay lussac’s law), , , , 4, r— = t, p=P, (Haast), , = Constant = V = constant, , al, , 1, 373.45 7 Coeff. of pressure change.

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q, , (4) Avogadro’s law, , vy, Vv,, ny, n,, n,>n, T = constant, yee >, vV,>V, P = constant, V=kn, v, — = constant, n, M_M Mn, non TT a, , Avogadro’s law states that, ‘volume of a gas is directly proportional to no. of moles keeping, , pressure and temp constant.”, , q@), ¥, vv, qq), T, , log V, , (v), log T, Ideal gas equation, Va ; (Boyle's law)-, qq), at, 1/v, qv), aT, tog 1/V, (VI), , log T, , , , Va T(Charle’s law)---------- 2