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3. Squares included half of the area are taken as, These are only symbolic of earth's features and are not, drawn according to any specific scale. These are called, conventional signs. The conventional signs help in giving, maximum information and adding legibility to the map. A, 2 square., 4. In addition all squares of which less than half area is, covered are taken as 1/3 square., 5. Add all the squares and you will get the total area of, the concerned portion., list of relevant conventional signs is given at the bottom, of each toposheet so as to facilitate its study and, IV. CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS, interpretation. The following conventional signs and, A variety of features seen on the ground are depicted Symbols Will help the students to study the extract of the, with the help of symbols on the toposheet. Survey of India Map Sheets., CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS, 86-92, 89-91, 1. BOUNDARIES (BLACK COLOUR), km, X 2, () International, boundary, : It is represented by a series of bold alternating dashes and, dot symbols., (ii) State boundary, : It is represented by a series of light alternating dashes and, dot symbols., (ii) District boundary, : It is represented by a series of dashes., (iv) Tehsil boundary, :I t is represented by a series of dots., gef, 2. ROADS AND RAILWAYS, It is shown by red parallel lines. It can be shown with distance, or milestone marker., () Metalled Road, (ii) Unmetalled Road : It is shown by a pair of red broken parallel lines., (ii) Pack track, : It is shown by single red broken line and is used by man, and animals to travel., : It is represented by a single red line and is used by bullocks, or horse cart., (iv) Cart-track, () Footpath, : It is shown by a single line of dots and is made by man., (v) Broad gauge, : The distance between the rail track is 1.69 m. It carries goods, and passengers., (vii) Metre gauge and Narrow gauge:, In metre gauge the Distance is 1m, In narrow gauge the Distance is 0.77 m, (vii) Level crossing, : It is a place where a road crosses one or more railway lines., RS, : It indicates human settlement near railway line., (ix) Railway line, with station, DTW-X (41), Scanned by CamScanner
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3. BRIDGES AND TUNNELS, () Bridge, nov: Overhead structure to carry road or railway across., 茶, (ii) Railway line with : Found where land is interrupted by rivers, ponds, lakes, etc., bridge, 2r, (iii), Cutting, : Constructed where low hills are present., di no, (iv), Tunnel, A passage through a hill., :, 4. WATER BODIES, (i) Stream, : Asmall river., : Large flowing water body. ea yd bainenqe a, lodm fob, (ii) River, eyd, (iii) Tidal river, : River at its mouth., 3r, eriesh, (iv) Relative height, of river bank, : Represents relative height between the top and bottom., (v) Embankment, : A structure built to keep a river from flooding., orte atl, 3r, beobells, (vi) River Bed, : Found in semi-arid regions with seasonal rainfall., (vii) River with rocks, and islands, : Shows lower course of river., (viii) Seasonal or, : Found in arid regions with seasonal rainfall., non-perennial, stream, (ix) Broken ground, wwWw, : Caused by weathering due to alternate wet and dry periods, followed by flash floods., (x) Confluence, : Intersection of tributary with main river,, (xi) Waterfall, : When water plunges over a steep slope or side of a highland., Fals 15 m, anl, (xii) Spring, : Appears on earth from beneath., Scanned by CamScanner
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(xiii) Canal, : Indicates that land is used for agriculture., Canal, (хiv) Tank, : Used for storing water., belk, (xv) Tank (dry), : These are of two types : (a) with embankment (b) without, embankment, Dry tank with, embankment embankment, Dry tank without, (xvi) Well (Perennial), : Shown as solid blue circle., bnuot A, M), (xvii) Well (with brackish : Water which is salty and unfit for drinking., (Brackish), water), (xviii) Well with relative, depth, : 7r indicates relative depth of the lined perennial well is 7 metre., sUoub7r w), (xix) Well (unlined), : It is represented by a blue hollow circle., (xx) Tube well, : It is a man-made structure and indicates extensive use of, land for agriculture., Im Masonry, (xxi) Dam, : It is a man-made structure which is used to control floods;, provides water for irrigation., Earthwork, Hetnie vsed, (xxi) Causeway, : It is a raised metalled road across a minor stream., sionu, 0908, Causeway, ieni no 9dmun, : Land surrounded by water on all sides. White indicates, 19:, (xxiii) Island, uncultivated and shaded cultivated island., ewolle fon s1s 2e0 9ieriw ses, tashoR beina, (xxiv) Aqueduct, : Artificial channel (pipeline) used for carrying water., Ineveng of bnne to isw, : It is used to store water., (xxv) Reservoir, 5. DRAINAGE PATTERN, Dentric drainage pattern : A, branching tree like drainage siaols, pattern., 4. Disappearing stream : The, stream disappears into sand, or, when the water is absorbed by, 1., porous soil., Trellised : The tributaries enter, the main river at 90° angle, causing, a trellis like appearance of the, drainage system., 2., Parallel drainage pattern :, 5., Parallel drainage pattern, comprises numerous rivers which, are parallel to each other and, follow the regional slope., Radial drainage pattern : Radial, drainage pattern also known as, centrifugal pattern is formed by the, streams which diverge from a, central higher point in all, directions., 3., nwof bestecad), DTW-X (43), Scanned by CamScanner
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6. VEGETATION AND FORESTS, () Grass, : Pastureland. It indicates scanty rainfall., (i) Open scrub, : Indicates semi-desert conditions., Open scrub, (ii) Palms, 市市*, : Indicate desert and coastal soil., (iv) Conifers, : Are found at a height of 1600 m or more., IIII, (v), Bamboos, : Are found where rainfall is scanty., (vi) Deciduous, : This vegetation is found almost throughout India., (vi) Swamp, : Area permanently saturated with water., to Bau sviansb, (vii) Scattered, vegetation, : Trees are widely spaced., (ix) Dense Forest, : Areas of heavy rainfall., Dense junga, (x), Open Jungle, : Areas of moderate rainfall., Open jungle, (x) Prominent, surveyed trees, : Black colour is used and trees have, number on their trunk., 254, (xii) Protected/, Reserved Forest, : P.F. are planted to prevent soil erosion., R.F. is an area where trees are not allowed to be cut., : It is a 5 m wide path or trench filled with water or sand to prevent, forest fire., (xii) Fireline, ニニニニニ==, SETTLEMENTS, () Permanent hut, (iv) Nucleated Settlement, (i) Temporary hut, ロ, () Dispersed Settlement, (ii) Deserted Town, (v) Linear Settlement, Scanned by CamScanner, II
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7. MONUMENTS AND BUILDINGS, () Fort, (i) Temple, (iin Church, (iv) Mosque, (v) Tomb, (vi) Graves, (vii) Lighthouse, (viii) Anchorage, (ix) Aerodrome, (x) Dispensary, 8. MISCELLANEOUS, 120, 120, (i) Contour line, : A line on a topographical map joining places of equal heights, above sea level., 120, 120, 120, (ii) Contour, Interval, : Itis the difference in height between any two, successive contour lines., 300, (iii) Form line, : It indicates, general pattern of the ground., (iv) Stony Waste, : Wasteland/barren land covered with rocks, boulders or devoid of, soil cover and not suitable for cultivation., Stony waste, (v) Sand dunes, : These indicate arid or desert conditions., (vi) Limekiln, : It is used for baking limestone., O Limekiln, Brick kiln, (vii) Brick kiln, : It is used for baking bricks., (viii) Battle field, : Area used by defence forces., TO, : It is used for communication., (ix) Telegraph, Office, : It is used for communication., PTO, (x) Post and, Telegraph, Office, (xi) Police Station : It is a man-made feature., (xii) Circuit House, (xiii) Dak bungalow Man-made feature., (xiv) Inspection, bungalow, (xv) Rest House, (xvi) Dep, PS, : Itis a man-made feature., CH, DB, : Man-made feature., IB, : Man-made feature., : Low lying area is known as Depression. This is a Natural feature, created by wind. This shows that the wind has blown the sand, leaving a hollow., RS, DEP, DTW-X (45), Scanned by CamScanner, 台宜 (>
