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Kingdom Animalia, • Cell Number: Multicellular with extensive specialization, • Cell Type: Eukaryotic Animal Cells (no cell wall), • Food: Heterotrophic – Carnivore (meat), Herbivore, (plants), Omnivore (meat and plants), or Detritivore, (scavenger), • Reproduction: Sexual (Eggs or live birth), • Special Features: Advanced nervous systems means, cephalization (faces), brains, and efficient mobility, (walk/run/swim/grab)

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Animal Organization, • Cell Specialization, • Cells are adapted for one job (digestion,, transport, etc.), • Cell Differentiation, • Cells look different from one another (muscle, vs. skin cell), • Body Organization, • Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems , Organism, • Heart cell + other heart cells  Heart tissue +, other heart tissue  Heart + veins/arteries , Cardiovascular system + other systems , Human

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Animal Organization (cont’d), • Asymmetry, • no set structure to the organism (draw one), • Radial symmetry, • Cut in half anywhere (like a pie) and both halves, look the same (draw one), • Bilateral, • Cut in half at one place and both halves look the, same (draw one)

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Animal Organization (cont’d), • Anatomy Terms, • Dorsal - Back, • Ventral - Belly, • Anterior - Head, • Posterior – Tail

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Animal Classification, • Vertebrates, • Animals with a notochord (backbone), • Only one phylum- Chordata, • Invertebrates, • Animals with no notochord (backbone), • Lots of phyla - Most animals are invertebrates

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Animal Reproduction, • Sexual with sperm (male) and eggs (female). Sperm, + Egg = Zygote  Embryo  Fetus, • The more advanced the animals, the more, complicated sexual reproduction, • Some animals exhibit metamorphosis in their life, cycles, • Complete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a larvae, (ex: tadpole or caterpillar) and then develops into an adult, that looks very different (ex: frog or butterfly), • Incomplete metamorphosis – juvenile hatches as a nymph,, which is just a smaller version of the adult

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Animal Evolution – first to last, , • Invertebrates, • Simplest Animals – Porifera (Sponges), , • Asymmetrical; aquatic; filter feeders; sessile (do not move as, adults); hermaphroditic (both male and female), , • Nerves Evolve – Cnidaria (Jellyfish and Anemones), • Radial symmetry; aquatic; some sessile, some motile; specialized, tissues for feeding and movement, , • Organ systems evolve – Nematoda, Annelida,, Platyhelminthes (all Worms), • Bilateral symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial (land); motile; digestive, and simple nervous systems, , • Cephalization (faces), Skeletons, and nervous systems, evolve - Echinodermata (Starfish and Urchins), Mollusca, (Clams, Octopus, Squid), and Arthropoda (Insects, Crabs,, and Lobsters), • Bilateral or radial symmetry; aquatic or terrestrial; motile; digestive,, circulatory, and sometimes complex nervous systems; insects are, most common animals

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Animal Evolution- first to last (cont’d), • Vertebrates, • Backbones and complex brain systems evolve –, Chordata (Vertebrates), • Separated into five major classes – Fishes, Amphibia, Reptilia,, Aves (birds), and Mammalia, • Backbone allows for most complex brains; bilateral symmetry;, specialized sensory organs (eyes, ears, antennae, etc); highly, organized bodies, • Mammals are considered “dominant”; especially humans

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Special Animal Characteristics, • Animal Homeostasis, • Ectotherm – Cold blooded (internal temperature changes with, environment; lay in sun when cold, seek shade when hot), • Endotherm – Warm blooded (special adaptations to keep internal, temp the same despite the environment; shiver when cold, sweat, or pant when hot), , • Cnidarian, • Body Plan, • Polyp- attached (draw), • Medusa- Free floating (draw), , • Special Cell, • Nematocyst – stinging cell

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Special Animal Characteristics (cont’d), • Chordata – Fishes, • Bony or cartilaginous (sharks), , • Chordata – Mammals, • Live birth and mammary glands, • Marsupials – mammals with pouches, • Monotremes – rare mammals that lay eggs